America s High Prison Population - 1511 Words

America’s High Prison Population Since the 1970s, America’s prison population rate has risen 700%. Despite the U.S. comprising only 5% of the world’s population, it is the largest jailer with 25% of the world’s prison population with one in 99 adults in prison and one in 31 under some type of correctional control (Mass Incarceration Problems, 2014, p. 1). According to 2013 data, 2.2 million are currently incarcerated in U.S. prisons or jails (Incarceration, 2013, para. 1), a figure that indicates a rising problem with prison overcrowding. While prison overcrowding increases the economic burdens on local and state governments, common factors leading to the high prison population is linked to the need for improved juvenile programs that deter criminal behavior and fund for rehabilitation for reentry into mainstream society. With effective programs to deter juvenile crime and to aid in offender reentry coupled with sentencing reforms, overcrowding in the nati on’s prisons would decline. Among nearly 100,000 youth under age 18 released from U.S. prisons each year, the majority â€Å"are not provided with the critical assistance necessary for successful transition back to their communities, schools, homes, and peer groups† (Youth Reentry, 2012, p. 1). Instead, these youths return to neighborhoods that tend to lack the support programs necessary to ensure a positive transition back into mainstream society. Disturbingly, these youths frequently return to neighborhoods with high crimeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Prison Growth In American From 1970-20081674 Words   |  7 Pagesthe prison industry in America since the 1970s? Since the 1970s there has been a steady increase in the prison population where statistics now show from the BJS that more than one in every 100 adults are now imprisoned. Statistics from the PEW state that one in 30 men between the ages of 20-34 are behind bars; however just because there is an increase in the numbers it does not mean its due to an increase in crime. To further emphasize just how significant the growth is, the population inRead MoreIllegal Drugs And The United States1629 Words   |  7 Pagesup majority of the population for drug abuse in prisons of the U.S.? It is a known fact in America that powder and crack cocaine are the same thing but are unequal in sentencing. Living in low income communities, that are majority of color have a greater chance of using crack cocaine oppose to whites using powder cocaine. The sentencing of the two is very extreme and blacks are the people suffering for serving a longer time period than whites for the same drug. During the 1960 s to present day, manyRead MoreUnited State Prisons : Need Of A Complete Overhaul Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesUnited State prisons are in need of a complete overhaul. Bad things happen to good people and crime is unacceptable in a civilized society. The question I ask you is what do we do with the bad people that do bad things to good people. Do we as a society send them away to be rehabilitated and reintegrated back into society as a good person or do we send them away to be punished and hope that if they ever return to a society that they are good people? The Department of Justice breaks crime reductionsRead MoreIncarceration Within The Federal Bureau Of Prisons1195 Words   |  5 PagesFederal Bureau of Prisons has increased more than 700 percent since the 1970’s, between the different type of ethnicity. Billions of dollars have spent to house offenders and to maintain their everyday life from rehabilitation programs, academic education, vocational training, substance abuse programs and medical care. The cost of incarceration climbs according to the level of security based on violent and non-violent crimes. Fewer staff is required in minimum and medium-security prisons that house low-levelRead MoreThe American Justice System Is Corrupt1536 Words   |  7 PagesDo you believe that everyone should be free? Well the thing is that America is really taking that away from people who have done something wrong even when it s for petty stuff like writing a bad check. Some stuff is understandable like murder or other stuff, but some i s outrageous. The American prison population has been absolutely ridiculous; it s crazy for the U.S. To have such high prison rates. The more you know about it the more frustrating it gets, and if you ask almost anyone you would thinkRead MoreInvestigating The Roots Of The Prison Industrial Complex1576 Words   |  7 PagesExamining the Roots of the Prison Industrial Complex Sydney Conlon On July 13th, 2015, President Obama granted clemency to 46 prisoners, facing decades of prison time for low-level non-violent drug offenses. Obama said the nation is spending too much money on incarceration of individuals who received long sentences for relatively minor drug crimes, and so by granting amnesty to these 46 prisoners, he hopes to push the drive towards prison reform. This simple action gave four dozen prisoners a secondRead MoreIncarceration Of Americ The United States1487 Words   |  6 PagesIncarceration in America The United States has the largest prison population in the world. The U.S.’s path to our over population has been decades in the making. â€Å"The United States makes up about 4 percent of the world’s population, and it accounts for 22 percent of the world’s prison population.† (Lopez). Prison over population is a growing concern within our society creating and contributing factors include longer sentences, rising costs, prison gangs, rapes, racism and mental health issues.Read MoreHigh Rate Of Violence Throughout The World1400 Words   |  6 PagesThis report will discuss the high rate of violence in prison systems throughout the world. The report will identify three legal standards and/or operational procedures that are emerging around the globe that govern correctional professional practices within corrections systems and could be applied to the South American prison system. The United States will be a point of reference to compare and differentiate wi th other countries on legal standards and operational producers. The report will also evaluateRead MoreRace, Incarceration, And American Values Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesdisproportionate level of African Americans in the prison system. Glenn Loury, along with Pamela Karian, Tommie Shelby, and Loic Wacquant discuss how America has let fear and greed cause an inequitable landscape for citizens who have the misfortune of being born the wrong color and of the wrong social-economic class. The principals of equality and freedom on which America was founded has become nothing more than smoke and mirrors. Maybe the pride America displays to the World as a Global power incapableRead MorePrison Overcrowding Crisis1317 Words   |  6 Pagesdetained or before a trial. A prison is built to house individuals for a long period of time. A jail is also known as a detention facility. A prison is known as a correctional facility or penitentiaries. Regardless of their name, the functions stay th e same: to incarcerate and condemn criminals. America the land of the free has the highest incarceration rate. Furthermore, prisons are overcrowded due to the â€Å"war on drugs† and the â€Å"three-strike† law. Individuals are sent to prison for nonviolent crimes.

General Motors Marketing Plan - 1287 Words

Product Strategy General Motors has always had a reputation of diluted products. They had many vehicle lines with many differend brands. This idea was to offer a product that appealed to many different target markets. They have since simplified their product lines by selling off certain brands. Oldsmobile, Saturn, Saab, Hummer, and Pontiac have been disbanded and the new General Motors is a tighter more organized business as a result. Cadillac and Buick have seen steady growth within their sector and have been marketed very well to date. Cadillac is seen as prestigue symbol and has a larger pricetag than any of the other models. Buick is showing phenominal growth with an introduction of new products that is taking the focus of†¦show more content†¦General Motors employs a competitive pricing strategy out of necessity in the current marketplace and they always work from a list price. The list price is located in the window of every single vehicle on a car lot. There is a stigma in the auto industry with consumers believing that nobody ever pays sticker price. This theory is being tested with the new Terrain and Equinox models, as they do not offer any cash discounts and the only discount available to the consumer comes from the dealerships themselves. A variety of different pricing strategies exist in the market for vehicles and they include cash discounts, rebates, quantity discounts for businesses (aka fleet), trade-ins, loss-leaders or rebates. The customer always feels the best when they can employ all of these strategies, as implausible as that seems. The current 2010 buyer is more educated than ever before and because of this the pricing strategy needs to be clear and concise throughout all promotional mediums. We are going to change the avenue that General Motors is using for price by reintroducing 0% financing and bringing back leasing. Because of the current economic conditions, the general population has become very price sensitive and as a result General Motors has created large cash discounts on most vehicles. These large discounts are in response to low interest rates offered by banks on lines of credit and the surprisingly high level of availability. We are not suggestingShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis for Any One Automobile Brand1534 Words   |  7 Pagesthis analysis help in planning marketing strategies for the brand? Ans. SWOT Analysis General Motors: Introduction General Motors is an omnipresent company in the United States, a company so essential to the overall health of the U.S economy that it spawned the phrase â€Å"as GM goes, so goes the nation†. Long known for the manufacturing of cars, trucks and automobiles, General Motors has also engaged in finance and insurance. Following is SWOT analysis of General Motors However, most recently theRead MoreGeneral Motors, Gm, And Its Effect On The Heart Of Detroit, Michigan Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pages1908 was the year William C. Durant founded the General Motors Company in the heart of Detroit, Michigan. Throughout the ups and downs of General Motors, they still prove to be one of the leading companies in automotive production. From the founding of GM in 1908 till present day; General Motors has made strong investments, and joint ventures regarding their company s’ success. Much of GM’s early investments were to acquire the assistance of other companies, whether it be producing steering wheelsRead MoreGeneral Motors Mission Statement1055 Words   |  5 PagesI have grown up around General Motors vehicles. My grandparents drove Cadillacs and Buicks, my parents and I drive Chevrolets. The vehicles have always been reliable and the dealerships were always pleasant. For this final paper, I decided to go deeper into the company. General Motors was founded on September 16, 1908 in Flint, Michigan by William C. Durant. There were less than 8,000 horse-drawn vehicles in America. GM became the world’s largest automaker and has been global industry leader inRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Holden And General Motors Group1632 Words   |  7 PagesAsia and the Middle East is the Holden/General Motors group, a well established Australian car manufacturing company, in which holds one of the top market shares for the car industry in Australia. This business report will outline: †¢ The role of Holden in the car manufacturing industry †¢ A swot analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of the company †¢ Marketing objectives and target market for Holdens various products and services †¢ Marketing strategies that Holden has implementedRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Holden : Holden1282 Words   |  6 Pages. Current Marketing Strategies: In marketing strategy companies set their basic goal to achieve profit by increasing sales. Every company to do good business in the market set their plan before launching their product in the market. Marketing strategy involve following process: †¢ Companies plan what type of customers are going to buy their products, companies develop their products according to the customers need either customer is rich or middle class buyer. †¢ Companies also plan which place willRead MoreDiversification Strategy1412 Words   |  6 Pages The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two companies; One successful and one unsuccessful. The two companies chosen for this purpose is General Motors (unsuccessful) and Toyota Motor Corporation (successful). The content of this paper will analyze, compare and contrast the outcomes, and recommend actions that General Motors could have made to make their diversification venture more successful. The analysis will include the company’s core business, the size of the companies, andRead MoreEssay on General Motors1323 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Motors was founded in September of 1908 by William Durant during a time that there were less than 8,000 in the United States. Durant was already known in Flint, Michigan for his horse drawn vehicles. â€Å"At its inception GM held only the Buick Motor Company, but in a matter of years would acquire more than 20 com panies including Oldsmobile, Cadillac, and Oakland, today known as Pontiac.†(History Heritage-Creation,† 2014) General Motors set the tone in the automobile industry with designRead MoreExamining Competition Case Study1077 Words   |  5 Pagesefforts into their promoting plans and utilize the correct apparatuses in the correct way. They ought to likewise assess the crusade execution and its impact on business execution. The point of this examination is to characterize the vital approach received by the organizations and competition in between Kia and others like Toyota, Honda, Ford or Hyundai. History From 1944 at Seoul, South Korea (Kia.co.uk, 2016), Kia Motors Corporation has grown as a leading motor vehicle manufacturing inRead MoreGeneral Motors : Strategic Strategy And Customer Value Creation1419 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, General Motors is a widely known corporation, which has the offices and services present in the different parts of the world. The company was established in 1908, and since then, it aims towards the constant innovation and development of the new products (Pelfey, 2006). Today, it is present in 120 countries around the world and continues opening the offices and dealerships worldwide (General Motors: About GM, 2016). General Motors change the flow of history and business processes in theRead MoreImportance of Marketing882 Words   |  4 Pageshead: THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING IN ORGANIZATIONS The Importance of Marketing in Organizations Verisha Barrett University of Phoenix Marketing MKT/421 Marc Mosko Apr 22, 2006 The Importance of Marketing in Organizations Marketing has become one of the most critical increasing forces which drive today’s companies. With marketing a company has power to carefully plan and implement the strategies to make a company successful. I view marketing as everything a company

Chester Wilmot Essay Example For Students

Chester Wilmot Essay Though this student looked in Whos Who and Contemporary Authors,no information on Chester Wilmot could be found. One consideredsearching the Directory of American Scholars, but that would notbe helpful since he is from Australia. In The Struggle for Europe, Wilmot seeks to explain severalpoints. First, he explores and explains how the western alliessucceeded militarily but failed politically during World War II. He then elaborates on how and why the western allies crushed theNazi regime; yet, they allowed the Soviet Union to overtakeEastern Europe and block the Atlantic Charter from taking effectin those nations. Third, the author discusses Hitlers defeatand Stalins victory. Fourthly, he endeavors on a mission toexplain how the Soviet Union replaced Germany as the dominantEuropean power. Beginning with the Battle of Britain, the book takes the readerthrough the war up to the surrender of Germany. In this processWilmot touches on Hitlers alliance with Mussolini, Hitlersconquest of France, the Lowlands, and the Balkans, and the Nazidictators collapse in the expansion of the Soviet Union. Theauthor strategically builds the Allied alliance, through thebooks course, and he uses the Normandy invasion to illustrateits full effectiveness. Also included are discussions on theconcessions granted to Stalin by the Allies in general, andFranklin D. Roosevelt in particular. President Rooseveltbelieved that Stalin wanted security for his country with noterritorial acquisitions in mind. In order to give the Sovietleader his second front in Europe, FDR also put the Japaneseproblem in the Pacific aside. By providing the reader with first-hand quotes and writings fromthe Nazi war machines hierarchy, Wilmot looks at the externaland internal workings of the German Wehrmacht in meticulousdetail. The U-boat campaign, the inadequacies of the Luftwaffe,and the shortcomings of the Panzer divisions are discussed. Thewar, from April 1940 to May 1945, is expertly covered. Hedetails various meetings of Allied and Axis partners, variousbattles, and various strategies. In this study, the author usedvery readable and easily accessible language. Events aredescribed in good detail and his ideas are well related. Theemphasis of The Struggle for Europe seems to be on two majortopics that are stated in the preface. The first topic dealsexclusively with the defeat of Germany. The second topic dealswith the alliance between the United States and Great Britain. By covering the defeat of the German armed forces on the western,eastern, and Mediterranean fronts, he gives reasons for theirevery failure. Throughout the book, statistics are givenrepresenting German war production in terms of tanks, planes,guns, vehicles, soldiers, and ships. The second topic is probed in almost as much detail as thefirst. Wilmot describes the western alliance from very near thebooks beginning. He details Churchill and Roosevelts closefriendship and partnership during the war. He skillfully dealswith the United States being the number two man in the alliancesbeginning and how the U.S. slowly emerges as the premier partnertoward the end of the hostilities. The reason these two topicscome to the forefront is due to the fact that the struggle in thewest engrossed the defeat of Germany by the western alliancealong with the Soviet Union. The Struggle for Europe is verywell organized. The books organization develops alongchronological lines beginning with the Battle of Britain. Theauthor proceeds through the work hitting on all the key quotes,speeches, conferences, battles, and decisions that occurredduring the war. Each chapter is organized along the same line asthe course of events happened during the war. Backgroundinformation is insightfull y given before and during most eventsdescribed, so that even one with very little WWII knowledge canunderstand the event being discussed. The extra background alsohelps expand the knowledge of the most avid WWII followers. .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .postImageUrl , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:hover , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:visited , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:active { border:0!important; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:active , .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6 .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2129db98ca9a2ffb6a98594b79e4d3c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE INVASION OF NORMANDY EssayThe Struggle for Europe deals fairly with both the Allied andAxis situations and decisions. Wilmot gives equal discussiontime to both sides in regards to strategy, view point, andmilitary standing. The books overall organization exemplifiesitself in terms of its thoroughness and readability.Hetouches on almost every aspect of the European theater in 717pages using many sources gathered from various locations. Thesources used include diaries, primary and secondary books,speeches, German and Russian archive material, U.S. Governmentrecords, and interviews. His sources were far more thanadequate. The author definitely proves all of his points to somedegree with some ideas being more justified than others. Heproves that the western allies did win the war militarily whilelosing Eastern Europe to the Soviets, politically. Wilmot alsoshows how the Soviets skillfully maneuvered into the top positionon the European continent after the fall of the Nazis. Withtremendous skill, he also describes the demise of the Germanarmed forces from its height of power in 1941 to its destructionin April 1945. His points are satisfactorily proven with onlytwo flaws. In this reviewers opinion, the first flaw pertains to the bookslength of discussion. Unless one is deeply interested indetailed facts and events of the European theater, The Strugglefor Europe might be excessive. In this regard then, the bookfails for someone seeking a brief overview of the Europeantheater. This is so because it contains so very much. However,for those knowledge of WWII in great depth, this book is ideal. For example, this student could really use the book. The secondflaw pertains to the beginning of the book. The author totallydisregards the Poland campaign and he only briefly mentions thefall of France. With only a few comments about Poland, he jumpsalmost right into the Battle of Britain with just slight commentabout France. The struggle in Poland is essential to anydiscussion of the European theater. Outside of those two flaws, with the length of the book not beinga problem, The Struggle for Europe magnificently covers the war. Wilmot succeeds in delivering a thorough history of the war inEurope by all accounts. In conclusion, the book provides a veryfine and accurate description of the intricacies of WWII inEurope. For anyone seeking in-depth knowledge on the Europeantheater, this book is almost a must. The book is further usefulbecause not only does it serve a history of WWII, but as ahistory of warfare in general. He gives great insight topolitical alliances and agreements. For this student, the bookstands as one of the most informative books written on WWII inEurope.

September 11th 2001

Introduction After the aftermaths of the 11th September, 2001 terrorism attacks, many questions become unanswered as to the mystery behind this act of terrorism. On a mission to solve these mysteries, a commission was formed; The Bipartisan 9/11 Commission to investigate the base of al-Qaida. Countries such as Afghanistan and suspects such as Osama bin Laden became famous to the public. It was because of these events that Lawrence attempted to answer questions about the 9/11 mysteries through a series of investigations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on September 11th 2001 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wrights accomplishment With a similar mission like the commission, Lawrence Wright, the American journalist, sought to investigate the reason as to why three thousands Americans lost their lives, who attacked them, why did the attackers hate them, and why did the American government avoided or was unable prevent t hese attacks. In his investigation, he traced the roots and linage of the al-Qaida. These were the main suspects of the attack as evidence revealed later. Dozens of writers have written very many books on the 9/11 attacks and the attempts of the United States intelligence to stop them. However, the author of this book having lived in Cairo for two years, he had adequate knowledge about the Islamic environment and that is how easy it was for him to dig deeper in his investigations than the rest by relating his ideas and proving evidence of his data support. He screens and investigates the actions of many of those who were partially and impartially involved in the attacks. One of his key findings was that all through there has been a crash between the west and the Arabs. The author creates his title from the 9/11 quote in the Quran by Osama bin laden. It occurred at a wedding and the words were ‘death is everywhere and can find you even in the looming tower’ (Wright 9). Analysis The book authored by Wright is based on a research that took five years to complete, with interviews from men such as the counterterrorism chief John O Neil, Osama bin Laden, and Al-Zawahiri. He also based his research on documentary reviews and took into account what was the reason behind the formation of the al-Qaida and what was like in the inner circle of the al-Qaida. He took interviews with over one thousand Arabs. His project was able to track down former friends of Osama as far as Sudan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Behind the scenes, he draws his attention to Sayyid Qutd, the intellectual activist in the Islamic regime. In his findings, the ideologue returns to Egypt after a trip to the US with anti west Islamic movements. The influence was what has typically led to all these terrorist attacks (Wright 24). Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason i s that his two year stay in Colorado collage made him hate the United States due to their modern way of living. He could not understand the reason as to why there was sexual freedom, more enrollments of the girl child in college Judaism, and active Christianity. He considered this to be secular and colonialism since most people from his native Islamic world were being assimilated into this culture. After his return to Egypt, he became so radical due to his opposition and dislike of the secular regime in his homeland. His plan to overthrow the government fails, which leads to his imprisonment and execution in 1966. The failure is what made him a martyr (Kakutani 1). He introduces his next character, DR. Zawahiri, an Egyptian doctor and an admirer of Mister Sayyid works. He is an evil mentor and goes on forming the jihad. Wright thinks that were it not for Mister Zawari, Osama bin laden would not have turned his mind to jihad. In his investigations with some of the close friends of Osama bin Laden, he is able to learn that Osama was not more into politics as well as Muslim opposition, but due to the influence of Mister Zawahri. Again, in his wealthy position, he was able to join the fight against the soviets. It was from this military success that Osama and his group gained their roots in religion. He frequently mentions Saudi Arabia which was Osama’s homeland and the country that was responsible for financing the most notorious groups. Wright emphasizes that Al Qaeda was so limited on its objectives in its early development stages (Madison 12).It was seen as a harmless organization with an aim of fighting communism in Asian countries so as to restore hope to the people. America through the CIA was ignorant and ended up supporting some of the anti communist Muslim groups in order to fight the communists. Little did they know that these groups would take on them later. Through the different actions, way of thinking, and policies taken by his characters, Wright tries to portray that the base of Islamic militancy is anti-modernly, anger, and pride for murder. He is not against the Islamic religion since it has played its roles in nurturing people to do what is right, but against some of its mentors who negatively interpret the word. They use religion to lie about Islam humiliation and degradation in an attempt to create enmity, militancy and achieve dominance. However, his blame to the September 11th terrorist attack does not go to Islamist militant alone. He is also concerned about his government’s failure to delegate its duties. He is almost convinced that they undermined the existence of Al-Qaida though they had some basic ideas about them. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on September 11th 2001 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To criticize the fact that the 9/11 commission findings tried to favor the CIA and the FBI, he develops his argument through inve sting some of the security agents. He shows how ignorant the government was on John O’Neil’s report and how the CIA and the FBI lacked co-operation. Notably, these are the dominant events and character traits that Wright uses to convince as to how we arrived at the September 11th 2001 booming and other attacks. That is from the rapid and complex growth of the Islam fundamentalism to the rise of the al-Qaeda and finally the failures of the intelligence services. The explanation reveals how he relates his ideas to give us a basic overview of his investigations. Why al-Qaeda attacked the United States Wright argues that the attack began in the sixties after Qutb was upset with the western culture. He considered these cultures to have elements of godlessness and materialism. For instance, he does not understand why the girl child exposes most of her body with more priorities for her. Sexual freedom is allowed to an extent where one could see the inside instinct of screami ng in these women with an arousing smell of their feminine bodies. In the Arab countries, it was a taboo for women to expose their bodies or share the same environment with men. It is this hatred of modernization, materialism, Judaism, and culture that became the base of these conflicts (Fouda and Fielding 73). Wright creates suspense to the reader of whether it would have been possible to have similar attacks were it not for Osama. He is partly convinced but his opinion can be contradicted to Huntington’s thesis, which shows that most conflicts in the post cold war were brought about by cultural differences between people. According to him, it is because of culture that the west is seen to undermine Islam. Other factors could be economical, ideological or political factors. The theory of MacWorld versus jihad urges that the Islamic civilization and revolution is spurred by their religion, the western beliefs, political systems and values change with globalization, technolog y, and modernization (Barber and Benjamin 29). However much Osama would have been absent, conflicts could still have risen. They still could have looked for ways of justifying themselves to achieve an end and degrade the secular empire. Another reason that would have motivated the attacks was failure of the Arabs to defeat the western dominance. Osama had an ambition of creating a Muslim modern world. That is why he used clerics to twist words in the Koran with the aim of recruiting militants for the mission. Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The attack on the US would become a break through to victory against their cultural rival forces in Israel and America. Away from cultural rivalry, the September 11th attacks could be more of revenge against the American policies (Gertz 1). Maybe, the US backup policy in support of Israel or the presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia or the libel lion against the Iraq sanctions would have triggered the attacks However, I believe that the way Wright brings out the personalities of these characters and their ways shows an element of degrade that biases the reader. Osama is created as an idealistic, spoilt, and ignorant fellow who is horrifying. Wright goes ahead to explain that the formation of these groups was an escape to jealousness and humiliation to accepting the facts of the real world. However much his story is persuasive, critically it is not easy to believe that such an international conflict can be ruled in favor of one side. The reason why the United States did not stop the 9/11 attack Another major finding that Wright developed in his work is that the United States has no one to blame for the attacks. The failure to stop the 9/11 attacks began from the homeland securities to the intelligent services. He mentions the holding of very vital information by the CIA from the FBI (Diamond 150). He does not understand the reason as to why the CIA was hiding the identity of the hijackers and why they never reported them to have been residing in the USA before the attacks. A fascinating scene is shown in the book through photos of FBI agents having a conversation with two of the men about their identities. Cultural differences, personal conflicts as well as fear of loosing intelligence are some of the reasons Wright puts down that led to the failure of these agencies. However, there is a major contradiction that lies in this chapter of the novel. Wright is very well convinced that only the FBI and the CIA can deal with terrorism. He argues that the September 11 th plots would have been prevented if and only if the United States had weeded out suspects such as Osama bin laden, Al-Zawahiri, and the hijackers. Evidently, this is rather weak finding for Mister Wright because it is just a short term solution whose investigations do not touch the base of the conflict. Alan Dershowitz contrasts Wright’s ideas by suggesting that even though we would have prevented these attacks, these people who are bound by oaths, beliefs and ready to die would still have continued with their mission. The act would have continued even with the death of their leaders (Dershowitz and Alan 33). He comments that, â€Å"the Al-Qaeda movement is an all rounded movement, very complex and clustered all over the world and has back up to fill any loss of a leader†( Dershowitz and Alan 46). Dershowitz suggests that effectual dealing with these threats and attacks can only be successful if we stop potential terrorists. The attempt would involve creating inter national policies that discourage and heavily penalize those who benefit from terrorism. The endeavor would include suppliers of terrorist materials and sympathizers. He advocated for other strategies such as increasing and creating new agencies that specialize in intelligence over the aAl Qaeda, liberating the Middle East, giving voice to those who need to be heard in the Islam world, and getting hard on nations that sympathize with terrorism. Wright focus on the FBI and the CIA is not a very efficient approach. It limits the critical thinking of the reader who is led to think of the FBI and the CIA as the core saviors of this situation. It is not fully satisfying to submit his opinion since no intelligence can address these future attacks fully in the US if the Middle East issues are not addressed. The reason is that Islam is a religion that has followers everywhere and Al Qaeda easily uses some of their sympathizers to militate for their war. Strengths of the book In an opinion count, Wright can be seen to have a special way of conducting his search. When going over his work, the reader can have a clear background of what terrorism means. Having lived in Cairo in Egypt for two years, he has adequate knowledge on the roots of al Qaeda that developed from Egypt. He designed his books in such a way that it outlines the main characters in a ten page list, a summary list of interviews, held and a clear bibliography of those in this investigation. He also attaches picture of those addressed so that the reader can have a clear picture of who is being addressed. Another unique aspect is his ability to compress such a bulk of information into a simple narrative that greatly provides the satisfaction of the readers urge to acquire the investigations and events of the 9/11. Wright creates his work in two sets, the story of Osama and his counterparts, and on the opposite tries to explain the US anti terrorism effort to stop this. As you read along the book, Wright cr eates a flow of information from learning about the life of the characters such as Osama bin laden. To find the roots of the matter, he takes us back to the understanding of how the ant west policy was developed and the reason behind the birth of al-Qaeda. On the opposite he is quick to investigate the US counter terrorist squad leader, John O’Neil, whose interest on the activities of Mister Bin laden aroused as early as 1990. However, he finds out that his investigations were greatly ignored by the then president Mister Clinton. He brings out the bureaucracy in the CIA and the FBI which gambled with the lives of many. The facts in this book are backed up by background materials so as to bring sense to the reader. Reading this book is emotional as you imagine the collapse of the twin towers. It creates a distressing experience as one pictures the cries and loss of loved ones. People do not see any sense in the al Qaeda tactics and with their counterparts. However, Wright hel ps his readers to understand the driving forces behind the al Qaeda from the history connections of events which are based on tribal rivalry to the terror attacks. Wright creates an undertone that contrasts and compares the American and Islamic cultures to try and show that these differences are the core to the 9/11 attacks. Limitations Throughout his arguments, Wright places his blames mostly on the failure of the US security, the intelligence agencies and a limited number of individuals. The argument is not a solution to the fight against terror attacks as he puts down. He is so narrow in his thoughts since this is not a long term solution. In addition, he does not clearly explain the cause of these conflicts. The way he portrays some of his characters really distracts the readers understanding. By always having so many negatives for the al-Qaeda, he is always ruling in favor of the Americans. Hence, he becomes so limited in finding a solution. He sees the counterparts of the al Q aeda group as spoilt, murderous, idealistic, radicals, and ignorant. However, this is not the solution because these people have their own way of thinking that is created by their own culture and environment that tend to differ with the western values. That is why they see the westerns as seculars, godless and materialistic yet the westerns are God fearing. Learning about different cultures across generations can help resolve these global conflicts among the upcoming generations. His argument can never allow the readers to appreciate the position of these people in the society. For instance, if the trend was to continue, young Muslims would be born with this or more anti western attitude and easily become assimilated in these militant groups even though they are born in America. In contrast, their Christian brother would grow with the knowledge that Muslims are horrifying and murderous so they will have to do their best to eliminate them. However much his arguments seem to be hig hly persuasive, these elements of being one-sided lead to the distraction of the readers understanding of the occurrences. It would be practically possible to end global conflicts through negotiations. The point is an aspect that Wright left out in his recommendations and failure to stop the 9/11 attracts. Research has shown that only one out of ten negotiations fail (Neumann 254; Bolton 66). The remaining nine either have their grievances fulfilled or moved to dominant level with little violence. Relevance of Mister Wright’s works in relation to terror threats in the US The looming tower can be considered to be a deep research on the events of the 9/11 attacks from the numerous eyewitness stories, recommendations, and interviews from different personalities, some of who are close personalities of the suspects of these attacks. Wright was able to expose many of the riddles behind the 9/11 through his artistic portrayal of the main players. It is from his findings that the go vernment can learn that most of its intelligence and security agencies are not cohesive. They tend to be bureaucratic, non cooperative, divided by politics and culture. According to Wright, if the CIA had been cooperative with the FBI, they would have stopped the hijackers from entering the American soil. However, the CIA knew the existence of the people yet they were adamant. It explains how easy three thousand lives were lost. Mister Wright is highly persuasive on this matter and goes ahead to show the repercussions of ignorance by Mister Clinton and President Bush on John O’Neil’s report in the 90s. According to Mister Wright, it is relevant to set policies and strategies that promote co-operation and teamwork amongst agencies because division means failure. Wright shows the effects of religion especially the Islamic religion which the militants use by twisting it in a mission to recruit young militants. He shows how these men fear no death and are determined to do acts of terror with a feeling that they are doing gods work. To offer answers to Jason’s analysis about centralization of the Al-Qaida, Wright finds out that the Muslim has a lot of cohesion amongst its followers. It is due to this cohesive nature of the Islamic religion that brings about effective co-operation among members even in the US born Muslim citizens. The weakness explains why we have a very complex decentralized network of al-Qaida groups. Conclusion Mister Wright’s accounts have very strong back up support which makes him more unique than other writers of the 9/11 attacks. He is able to enhance the reader’s quest by having a detailed narration of the biography of each of his characters and facts about their actions. However, his bias towards al Qaeda does not respect the position of these men in the society the core reason as to why they are fighting. It would have been fair if he reflected on the western part too. His evidence about the failure b y the FBI and the CIA is not fully addressed. It does not offer solutions either. The reason is that even though they eliminated the Al-Qaida leaders or the plane hijackers, their network is very complex and others would have taken into their foot steps. The finding is very limited as a solution. Inured to create a wider scope of recommendations, he would have widened his investigations by looking at aspects such as culture, race, environmental factors liberation, and international relations. Works Cited Barber, Fred, and R. Benjamin. Jihad vs. MC World Course Materials; a Faculty of Political Science, London, UK: University of British Columbia, 2007. Print. Bolton, Kent. U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking after 9/11: Present at the Re-Creation, New York, NY: Rowman Littlefield, 2008. Print. Dershowitz, John, and M. Alan. Why Terrorism Works, New haven, US: Yale University Press, 2002 .Print. Diamond, John. The CIA and the Culture of Failure: Us Intelligence from the End of the Cold War to the Invasion of Iraq, New York, NY: Stanford University Press, 2008. Print. Fouda, Yolk, and N. Fielding. The truth behind the Most Devastating Terrorist Attack New the World has Ever Seen, New York, NY: Arcade Publishing, 2004. Print. Gertz, Bill â€Å"Inside the Ring: New al Qaeda threat.† The Washington Times. 30 January 2013. washingtontimes.com. Web. Kakutani, Michiko. â€Å"The Evolution of Al Qaeda and the Intertwining Paths Leading to 9/11.† The York Times .1 August 2006. nytimes.com. Web. Madison, Jonson, 2006. â€Å"BOOK REVIEW: Lawrence Wright’s IThe Looming Tower/I† New York Review of Books. 19 October 2006: 12 14-16. ufppc.org. Web. Neumann, Peter. Joining Al-Qaeda: Jihadist Recruitment in Europe, London, UK: Routledge, 2008. Print. Wright, Lawrence. The Looming Tower: Al-Qaida and The Road To 9/11, New York, US: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2007. Print. This essay on September 11th 2001 was written and submitted by user Eliza Bright to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School Essays

Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School Essays Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School Essay Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School Essay Army Cadets at Newcastle Under Lyme School often use their .22 ranges and find it extremely hard to see what their shoot total is mid-way through the shoot. They cannot view the target through the sights on the rifles, as the sights are iron sights. A solution is required whereby this problem can be cured, and the individual shooters can view their statistics with minimal movement required.  I am to design a system whereby shooters will be able to view their score for that particular shoot session and also view their statistics upon the same piece of machinery. The primary output of this product is to be 2 seven-segment displays, which show you the overall score of the shooter after each shot. The secondary output of this product is to be more seven-segment displays, which display relevant pieces of information regarding the shooters statistics, in accordance with their score.  The seven segment displays which are to be used will be of varied sizes as the primary seven segment displays are to be larger than the secondary seven segment displays as to let the user view his or her score with great ease. The approximate cost of the product is to be something around the region of about 25 as to cover the cost of manufacture, components, storage and the battery. The exact cost at this time remains oblivious to me but this is a rough estimate of what the final cost may be.  The ease of use is inevitable as this product is to be used primarily by cadets from the Newcastle Under Lyme School CCF; therefore complex manual operations conducted by the user are not required within the product. It is unclear at this time to determine what the customers will be prepared to pay as no primary research has been conducted into the matter. In the coarse of this coursework primary research will be conducted and questions such as How much will the customers be prepared to pay? will be answered.  This product will be designed to be primarily used on a 30m range therefore I will incorporate 3.5mm jacks within the casing which will lead to the pressure pads which are to be approximately 30m away, but this is also dependant on where the product is placed on the range.  The pressure pads will be placed behind the target in a manner by which they can still sense the impact of the .2 rounds and at the same time remain protected from the rounds penetrating them and therefore prevent their destruction. The different sizes of the seven segment displays used are to be 13.2mm and 100mm. The 13.2mm displays are to be used to display the shooters statistics and the 100mm displays are to be used to display the shooters overall score. They need to be this size as to let the shooter se his or her score with great ease.  The size of this product is unknown at this stage but this will be mentioned in the specifications. The product will not however be any larger than a piece of A4 paper which measures at approximately 290mm x 210mm.  This product is to be powered by a 9v battery as it does not require a power input of a mains connection which is 230v ~ 240v ac. The 9v power supply should be sufficient in providing power for the seven segment displays in relation to how often the product is to be used, therefore giving providing a good battery life. There is a number of different sized pressure pads to be used as they will then be able to determine the score of the shots fired. By this I mean that the smallest pressure pad will be able to show a score which is the highest score etc.  Ease of fitting is to be required as the primary users of this product are to be cadets aged between 13 and 18 who may or may not have a sufficient technological knowledge, therefore a means needs to be devised by which this product can be fixed securely to a wall with great ease. To be able to make this product worthy of sale it will have to be extremely reliable. There are three initial areas of production, which will make this a reliable product. They are having a strong casing, having a waterproof casing the electronics it contains. The casing has to be fairly strong as to prevent any breakage of the product even before it has been placed securely on the wall. A water-resistant casing is required as to eliminate the threat of any moisture actually damaging the circuitry within the product. The final aspect is the electronics its will contain. These have to be accurate as to prevent failure of operation by the product. For the electronics not to fail I will have to carefully plan the circuitry to a degree where I will have to distinguish what the inputs, processings outputs of the circuit are. Once these three areas are complete to a great degree of satisfaction, the product will be much more reliable than I did not take these into consideration.  The pressure pads will have to be able to sense the force of the rounds fired to it but the pressure pads will have to be placed in a manner in which the pressure pads do not get damaged during the shoot. They will be feeling the force of .22 rounds and therefore it will be relatively easy for me to avert such an incident where the pressure pads are damaged, as only a small thickness of wood is required to penetrate the rounds, which is used by the cadets to penetrate the .22 rounds.

Using Behavioral Objectives in IEP Goals

Using Behavioral Objectives in IEP Goals When a student in your class is the subject of an Individual Education Plan (IEP), you will be called upon to join a team that will write goals for her. These goals are important, as the students performance will be measured against them for the remainder of the IEP period, and her success can determine the kinds of supports the school will provide.   For educators, its important to remember that IEP goals should be SMART. That is, they should be Specific, Measurable, use Action words, Realistic, and Time-limited.   Behavioral objectives, as opposed to goals linked to diagnostic tools such as tests, are often the best way to define progress for mild to severely mentally disabled children. Behavioral goals show clearly if the student is benefiting from the efforts of the support team, from teachers to school psychologist to therapists. Successful goals will show the student generalizing the skills learned in various settings into his daily routine. How to Write Behavior-Based Goals Behavior goals are statements that will describe no more than three things about the individuals behavior.They will state precisely the behavior to be exhibited.  Describe how often and how much the behavior is to be exhibited.Indicate the specific circumstances under which the behavior will occur. When considering desirable behavior, think about verbs. Examples could be: feed self, run, sit, swallow, say, lift, hold, walk, etc. These statements are all measurable and easily defined. Lets practice writing a few behavioral goals using some of the above examples. For feeds self, for example, a clear SMART goal might be: Student will use a spoon without spilling food on five attempts to feed. For walk, a goal might be: Student will walk to the coat rack at recess time without assistance. Both of these statements are clearly measurable and one can determine if the objective is being met successfully or not. Time Limits An important aspect of the SMART goal for behavior modification is time. Specify a time limit for the behavior to be achieved. Give students a number of attempts to complete a new behavior, and allow for some attempts to not succeed. (This corresponds to an accuracy level for the behavior.) Specify the number of repetitions that will be required and state the accuracy level. You can also specify the level of performance you are looking for. For example: student will use a spoon without spilling food. Set the conditions for the pinpointed behaviors. For example: Student will eat meals, using a spoon without spilling food on at least five attempts at lunch time. Student will  motion for the teachers attention after a task has been completed when the teacher is NOT busy with another student. In summary, the most effective techniques for teaching students with mental disabilities or developmental delays come from changing behaviors. Behaviors are easily evaluated in students for whom diagnostic tests are not the best option. Well-written behavior objectives can be one of the most useful tools for planning and evaluating the exceptional students educational goals. Make them a part of the successful Individualized Education Plan.

Employment Law (Human Resource) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Employment Law (Human Resource) - Essay Example It may also include interference in the formation or creation of the labor unions and the discouraging or encouraging the laborers from their involvement in the labor unions. If the employer refuses to bargain with a particular group of chosen employee representative, then also it may be said that the employer is having unfair practices with the laborers. But the Act does not give the power to the National Labor Relation Board take up cases which involve real estate brokers, domestic workers, agricultural employees, family workers, church-run schools and government employees. Thus the Labor Relations Act is meant for the benefit of the Laborers and not the employees. On the other hand the Taft-Hartley Labor Act of 1947, which was passed by the US Congress, and which is officially known as the Labor Management Relations Act, was sponsored by the Senator Robert Alphonso Taft and the Representative Fred Allen Hartley. The Act was the Amended version of the Labor Relation (Wagner) Act of 1935. The main provision of this Act had is that it has brought about newer means of controlling labor disputes by the enlargement of the National Labor Relations Board. It had also included the provision that before any employer or the labor union terminates the agreement of collective bargaining; it has to serve a notice to the other party and that also in a government mediation service. Another provision of the Act is that it has prohibited the jurisdictional strikes and the boycotts of secondary nature. But the Act has clearly declared that it does not extend its provisions to the wild cat strikes. It also made the closed shops outlawed and only gave permission for the union shop when majority of the employees had voted for it. The Act retained most of the collective bargaining provisions that were there in the earlier Act. But it had added in its provisions that before a union use the

Traditional And Citizen-Based Forms Of Journalism Essay

Traditional And Citizen-Based Forms Of Journalism - Essay Example The professional media draw their organizational authority and charge from their production of their work within the journalism norms. This means that traditional journalism entails professionally paid staff, officially recognized by the press (Reese et al., 2007). Such members of staff are trained and proficient in the journalistic dexterity and often have formal or ceremonial training. Advertising and subscriber support provides traditional journalism with the means to extensively distribute their listed product such as news, shows, and events. On the contrary, citizen journalism has its emergence from individuals and citizenry interest factions seeking to articulate thoughts or position within the civic discourse. Participants in the citizen journalism need not hold traditional journalistic code as a prerequisite for participation. By designation, these citizenry media command less financial feasibility and may be based on a subsidy, non-profit, or no revenue model at all (Reese e t al., 2007). Contributors only require motivation and willingness to have a word with the public. Unlike traditional journalism, citizen journalism creates lively and interactive conversations on personal sites, NGO) websites, chain emails, social media platforms, and message boards. Apparently, as shown above, the two models of journalism though having the same objective- informing the public of trends and news, they have distinct structures and approaches in operations for efficient service delivery.  

Complete standartisation of offerings and marketing interactions in Essay

Complete standartisation of offerings and marketing interactions in International Marketing strategy is always the main goal to - Essay Example The economic reforms adopted by the governments in different economies across the world led to the inflow of investments by the companies in the foreign countries which opened up the global markets for the companies of different sizes across the world. The transformation in the business environment led to the modification in the international strategies adopted by the companies. Thus the marketing environment and the culture of the companies underwent rapid changes over the period of time. The developments in the market environment and the strategies adopted by the organizations have come up in order to respond to the changes in the consumer behaviour and demands of the customers in the economy. The advancement in communication technologies and other online applications as a result of strategic implementations in the global markets have changed the outlook of the customers of the companies. The customers have become more aware of the information on the products and the services offer ed in the global arena. The level of awareness of the customers has increased and they have started to weigh the different options for the products and services offered by the companies in the international markets. The customers have learnt to define their needs in a far better manner and seek solution to satisfy their wants on a consistent basis (Andrus, 1990, p.430). Apart from this, there have an increase in the competition among the business houses for offering the products and services in the market. In order to gain competitive advantage, the companies started to focus on their strategies to avoid duplication of information on the products and services offered by the company. This led to the standardization of the offerings and marketing interactions as an important trend in the international marketing strategies of the companies. International Marketing strategy The standardization of product offerings and marketing interactions is extremely important for the multinational c ompanies in order to increase the acceptability of the business in the eyes of their customers. As the approach of standardization helps the companies to achieve success in the business operations, the multinational companies include this approach in the international marketing strategies designed by the multinational organizations. The companies that have wide spread operations in various markets across international boundaries considers the changing trends of consumer behaviour in order to design international marketing strategies that are important for achieving successful and sustainable business operations. The experience and learning gathered by the companies in the local markets are applied to the several foreign markets where the company has expanded its operations. The companies ensure that there is no duplication of the information available to the customer on the product and service offerings of the company in different international markets. The international marketing s trategy also takes into account the activities of promotion and marketing interaction done by the executive in several foreign markets. The sequence of penetration and expansion of the business in the foreign markets are important part of the international marketing strategy (Cavusgil, 1994, p.20). The multinational companies that operate in the different foreign market are faced with situations of varying market demands and consumer behaviour

We Propose Rhb Bank Marketing Essay

We Propose Rhb Bank Marketing Essay We propose RHB bank to have co-branding with Padini Concept Store and come out with a RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card to extent the RHB Platinum Card. Our target audience are workers and upper middle class who are aged at a range between 25 to 45 years old. One of the promotion strategies we propose to the RHB bank is through Sales Promotion by using various types of vouchers. And other types of promotion strategies such as Personal Selling Strategy, Advertisements and Social Media Marketing Strategy and Direct Marketing Strategy. 1. Sales Promotion Strategy Sales promotion is a short-term incentive to encourage the purchase of a sale a product or services. This may be used to help RHB bank tap into and extent the market in the Padini concept store. A cash voucher may attract customers to induce them in an instant sale and help the consumers to save more. Simultaneously, Padini Concept Store will also be able to increase their sales revenue, increase the number of RHB banks cardholder and gain loyalty from customers. This is a three wins situation to each other. The supplementary cardholders are not eligible for this Promotion. RHB bank could help the cardholders to save more money by sending Padini Concept Store a monthly 20% discount voucher to every cardholder through mail according to the applicants address. It includes seasonal promotions for example, Mothers Day, Fathers Day, Christmas, Chinese New Year, Halloween, and Valentines Day and so on. The cardholder will be given a Padini monthly discount voucher to get discount on the products among the brands available in Padini concept store. If the Padini is doing 10% discount on all items, by using this voucher, the customer can get another extra 20% discount. For example, if when there is Mothers Day, the cardholders are only allowed to redeem the 20% discount in the women department. However, the Padini monthly 20% discount voucher is only valid in every first week of the month. Upon the cardholder birthday, the existence RHB Platinum Credit Card will have 30% cash back during cardholder birthday month. In order to improve, RHB bank will contact that particular cardholder, to inform him or her to come over the Padini Concept Store to get a birthday gift voucher. The birthday gift voucher is worth RM 50. The cardholder may use this voucher to redeem any products sold in Padini Concept Store with the price at or below RM 50. However, if the price of the product is below RM 50, the extra balance is not refundable. Consequently, the cardholder will need to pay extra money to purchase the products if the amount exceeded RM 50 that offer in Padini store by using RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card to collect 5 times reward points. However, the voucher can only be used in Padini concept store. In the Padini Concept Store, there are several brands such as SEED, PCO, PDI, MIKI, VINCCI, and BRANDS OUTLET. The cardholders are allowed to choose to purchase any of the p roducts offered by these brands. 2. Personal Selling Strategy RHB bank may adopt the method of personal selling strategies for trying to induce potential consumer to apply for RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card in a road show inside or outside the shopping mall, because there are heavy human traffic and many potential customers. Personal selling is the selling of products and services by face-to-face contact with the customer. This can be done by having salespeople approaching the potential customers in person. If the customer is an existing RHB credit card holder, then the salespeople offer the customer the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card as a cross selling. However, the salespeople must be well trained, because the salespeople is the person who will communicate directly and immediately to get the consumers feedback. It is a two-way communication. It can be expensive and time consuming, but also is the most effective form of promotion if compare to other mass communication because the salespeople can make adjustments to address questions or concerns to make the customer much understand about the product. Here is a relationship between personal selling and sales promotion. The first 200 applicants to apply RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card, no matter in bank or online purchase, the applicants are entitled to get a RM 200 Padini cash voucher and a free HP laptop bag that worth RM 70 for every cardholder. 3. Advertisements and Social Media Marketing Strategy Advertising is a form of mass communication that is paid for and involves the non-personal presentation of goods and ideas. It usually classified as two types, above-the-line and below-the-line. Through advertising, RHB bank can communicate and inform potential customers about products and services. Also, telling the consumers about the features and benefits and how to obtain it and finally persuade them to make a purchase. It is important for the consumers to know what are the company trying to offer and it create a position in the market place. Hence, it will enhance both the Padini Concept Store and RBH banks reputation and positive image. This is the relationship of Sales with advertising and promotions. Above-the-line advertising such as television and newspaper does not provide information regarding the promotions effectively and it can be expensive. Therefore, RHB bank can go for social media marketing strategy such as the internet. As internet are easily accessible and requires a relatively low cost, more information can be provided and easy for the consumer to obtain the information in the company website. They can just click on the particular advert in the website at everywhere in the world and 24 hours a day. This advertisement enables an organisation to reach every single potential consumer at a very low cost. Nowadays, popular social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook can be used to spread the news regarding the promotions. RHB bank may also consider creating a Facebook page and putting all the relevant information or pay an advertising fee to create a small advertisement on Facebook social network to build the awareness of the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card am ong the Facebook users. The another method is below-the-line advertising, RHB bank may adopt direct mail to send the gift voucher together with Padini catalogues to deliver the current promotion to existing customers who already have saving account and current account or other type of RHB credit card holder to apply for RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card. This method is also known as cross selling. Because there are potential, it can lead to a higher probability of getting converted into actual sales. The more financial products and services they have, the more profitable the RHB bank is. The feedback from customers also will immediately be responded, therefore it is easier to measure the positive result. Because RHB bank is suggested to create a Facebook fan page in order to encourage more people to like the page, there must has a gift such as a recycle bag which is printed RHB bank logo to those who have like-ed the Facebook page during the road show. Some of the Padini Concept Store catalogue and any information about RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card may be printed on the recycle bag as an advertising tool. Besides, RHB bank may also distribute the company survey form during road show. For those who have completed the survey will get a free pocket umbrella that has a RHB bank logo printed on it and RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card image. Therefore, it can also be an advertising tool for RHB bank. The last advertisement tool suggests to RHB bank is advertising the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card in a current on air movie. For example, the main character going to the RHB bank and show the RHB bank logo and the artist use the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card to make payment in the film. For who have watched the movie no matter in cinema or home will also get the message. Because it is advertised in a movie, it will be impressive and positive positioning to the viewer therefore they will likely to apply the RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card. 4. Direct Marketing Strategy (Telemarketing and Direct Selling) Besides, RHB bank also can do direct marketing. Direct marketing is attractive because its positive results can be measured directly. Telemarketing takes the time and cost for finding new customers in the right time and right people, or generating interest in RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card by taking the information directly to the customer. Besides, it is easy to target the best customers and reach the prospects question with the most potential customer. The purpose of this method is to expand the market and increase the number of customer and sales. Telemarketing consistently outperforms all other forms of marketing and is the most powerful, cost-effective marketing tool available today. Thus, it should be part of RHB bank marketing plan. Direct selling is the marketing of products or services to consumers through sales tactics (give voucher) including presentations without go through any middle man. If the cardholder spends more than RM 300 in a single receipt, he or she will get a RM 30 Padini cash voucher. However, there is a maximum amount for the cardholder to get a RM 100 Padini cash voucher which is to spend RM 1799 or above in a single receipt on with RHB-Padini Concept Store Credit Card and obtain the voucher at the payment counter. As a conclusion, promotion strategy is a useful tool in attracting customers. Simultaneously, it can also help the Padini concept store to achieve higher profitability and strengthen their markets position in the clothing industry and also gain the customer loyalty in RHB bank. Promotional strategies are important for financial services to continual growth, because it is an intangible product, in order to increase the number of customer, there must be enough information and attractiveness to enhance the customer to make purchasing decision.

Mainstreaming Children in the Classroom Essay -- Mainstreaming Classroo

Mainstreaming Children in the Classroom The idea of mainstreaming children is an incredible idea. By integrating classes, it requires changes in organizational management. For children to be mainstreamed it takes great devotion from directors, teachers and families. It is important to understand that the mainstreaming of children with disabilities should not be implemented according to a certain standard model. This process is an individual one (Daniels, E & Stafford, K. 2001). Mainstreaming of children is based on the belief that education of every child should be individual. This states that every child has their own individual right to go to a normal school if that’s what they would like. Advantages for Mainstreaming Children Many people believe that disabled children should be mainstreamed in normal educational environments. Mainstreaming students with disabilities has many advantages. One main advantage is simply forming relationships with different types of children. They can adapt to "playing" with normal children and the normal children can adapt to the disabled. Starting the children off early by mainstreaming, both the normal and the disabled children can learn that there are other worlds out there other than their own. This can be a huge step in today’s society. By forming relationships with people that are different than you, the children will learn that there is nothing wrong with doing so and they will grow up making friends that are different from them. This will teach the children that even though they have differences, they are both still kids that like to have fun and be educated. Mainstreamed children also find that even though they learn differently, they may have the same hobbies and common interes... ...th/family/family-1.html Daniels, E. and Stafford, K. Mainstreaming Children with Special Needs. Retrieved October 28, 2008, from http://www.children.lviv.ua/involve.html. Burnett, J.(2002) Mainstreaming Ourselves. Retrieved November 15, 2008. http://www.raggededgemagazine.com/0702/0702ft4.html URL: Uniform Resource Locator: http://www2.edc.org/NCIP/ Horner, R. (2001). Special Education Resources on the Web. Retrieved November 17, 2008 from http://seriweb.com/ URL: Uniform Resource Locator: http://www.dssc.org/frc/ Kennedy, E. (1999) Special Needs in Schools. Wellington Newspaper Limited. Retrieved October 7, 2008 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. Siegel, Ernest. (1969). Special Education in the Regular Classroom. New York: John Day Co. Halsey, William. (1984). Dictionary for Students. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Children with Linguistic Differences Essay

In today’s classroom, it is common to have a student who speaks English as a second language. The teachers today should have knowledge of linguistic diversity and apply what they know to assist those children. According to our text, language is one of the aspects that define diversity and it is one of the fundamental tools of cultural acquisition and a part of a child’s cultural identity (Robles de Melendez & Beck, 2009). As educators, we must assure those children who speak English as a second language have the same education as English speaking children. In a child’s learning environment, no matter what language that child speaks, they should be comfortable and familiar with the things that surround them. It is important to label a child’s environment with the different languages that the children speak in the classroom. If a child’s native language is Spanish, French or German, there should be a corresponding labels in that language on shelves, tables, toys and doors. Other materials that is used in a classroom that assist with linguistic diversity is age appropriate books, printed materials such as newspapers, flyers and signs in different languages and music from diverse cultures (Robles de Melendez, 2009). When you have a classroom of different languages, it is necessary to understand what is going on in the children’s mind as you speak a language that they are not familiar or comfortable with. We need to understand, expect, and feel comfortable with the natural responses (e. g. laughter, first language use, silence and fatigue) that occur when our students participate in interactions in which they are not completely proficient in their language (Curran, 2003). Teachers should respect the fact that students that are English Language Learners or ELL may want to speak their native language. It could get frustrating at first trying to learn and understand what they are saying but it is the say when the tables are turned and the student get frustrated when they do not understand what the teacher is saying. Individual lesson plans can be used to connect with a child and build their language skills. Themed lesson plans also help children connect with their own language. In any classroom, educators must not assume what a child knows or what they need to know. Assessments must be done to know what steps are needed to teach the children in the class. This is especially important when you have children with linguistic diversity. Teachers of young children in today’s diverse classrooms need to confirm that their teaching strategies meet the needs of their students (Robles de Melendez & Beck, 2009). To make sure that the teachers are getting the right information, the classroom should be assessed for linguistic diversity. Some ways to do this is to talk to the parents and family members, doing observations of bilingual interactions and using questionnaires and surveys. Once you know what kind of diversity you have in the classroom, then the classroom should be analyzed to figure out how to teach the students. This is done by assessing the topics that are taught, how they are taught and what resources are used to teach. It is important to maintain open communication with the child’s parents and families. We as educators should not try to eliminate the child’s first language but preserve it and assist them with the second language. Through different activities geared towards a child’s first language will help keep the child culture meaningful. Parent can assist by singing songs in their native language or just playing games that are native to their country. Continue to invite the families into the program to allow them to share their experiences with the classroom and this would help the children and families feel welcomed. There are two typed of knowledge that is necessary to teach linguistic diversity and they are the knowledge of practices of second language acquisition and the knowledge of cultural ideas. Having the mere knowledge of how important it is to preserve the first language and acquire the second language and knowing a little something about the culture that is being taught. As early childhood educators, it must be understood that the role that language plays in the life of a child vital to their learning environment. It is important that children with linguistic differences be supported. Through the classroom environment, experiences, assessments, keeping an open communication with the parents and the information that the teacher knows, the children will be able to get the best education not matter whether English is their first or second language.

Bipolar Disorder Essay Example

Bipolar Disorder Essay Example Bipolar Disorder Paper Bipolar Disorder Paper 2006, p. 18). In addition, the disorder occurs in both men and women (National Institute of Mental Health, 2008). At the first episode of bipolar disorder, men experience manic episodes while women experiences depression. The greater risk of the disorder rests among people under the age of thirty than among the older people. Typically, the disorder emerges in the late adolescence or early childhood and is further progressive. But in some cases the symptoms disappear during a process of early psychological development. So far, the treatment that has been introduced are merely to improve the symptoms, to prevent hospitalizations, improve the quality of life and ensure the recovery of an individual to reach a normal functioning level (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2008). One way of treating the disorder is by developing a treatment plan which involves a team of the medical professionals, family, and a teen patient (Kidshealth, 2008). Through this, the patient is given medication such as mood stabilizer and counselling, and monitoring of the patients condition. A mood stabilizing agent such as lithium, valproate, and carbamezepine are commonly used to stabilize mood. Lithium is effective in treating manic and depression episodes with capability of preventing possible reoccurrence (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2008). Valproate, and carbamezepine are also designed for manic episodes even in severe states. However, studies show that some of these stabilizing agents can cause hormone changes especially among teenage girls. Extensive consumption may also lead to potential complications. Other treatments for bipolar disorder also include family therapy which is done by reducing distress level within the family. Cognitive behavioural therapy may also reduce the symptoms of the disorder by changing the negative thoughts into positive thoughts. In addition, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy by improving the interpersonal relationship and increasing the ability to perform is also applied to treat the disorder. Furthermore, it is necessary that the patient and his family be educated about the disorder, its symptoms, and the process of overcoming it so that the patient will not be misinterpreted as insane. References Albrecht, A. T. , Moore, D. P. , Herrick, C. (2006). 100 Questions and Answers about Bi- Polar (Manic- Depressive) Disorder. Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Basco, M. R. Rush, J. (2005). Cognitive- behavior Therapy for Bipolar Disorder. New York: The Guilford Press. Frank, E. (2005). Treating Bipolar Disorder: A Clinicians Guide to Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Theraphy. New York: The Guilford Press. Helmut P. R. , Riedel, E. M. , Heiby, S. K. (2001). Psychological Behaviorism: Theory of Bipolar Disorder. The Psychological Record, Vol. 51. Hirschfeld, M. A. (2002). The Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar Disorder. American Psychiatric Pub. , Inc. Kidshealth. org. (2008). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from kidshealth. org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/bipolar. html. MedicineNet. com. (2008). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from medterms. com/script/main/art. asp? articlekey=2468 National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2008). Defining and achieving the recovery from bipolar disorder. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/16965184? dopt=AbstractPlus

Free Essays on Freud on Religion

The following paper contains an attempt to define Sigmund Freud's perception of religion. After defining his perception, I will then attempt to point out to a couple of strengths and weaknesses contained in his definition. Freud believed religion was a cultural product, the creation of civilization itself. Civilization's principal task was to defend humankind against nature (Freud, pg. 19). It accomplished this by generating religious ideas in response to nature and fate. By humanizing the elements of nature, nature no longer seemed like a blind force insensitive to humans, but any emotional being capable of feeling sympathy and showing mercy. Religion made the untouchable forces of nature become acts of will and not just something that happens without any rational reasoning. It gave the forces of nature the qualities of a father figure, powerful yet merciful, and turned them into gods (Freud, p. 17). Finally, religion gave civilization a sense of control over one of its greatest fears, death. Religious beliefs in all societies have some idea of the way ultimate reality should be, and how things ultimately should be in the universe. Religion gave individual life a higher purpose. It gave hope after de ath. Religious beliefs made death less a fearsome end and made it simply a passing by command of a superior intelligence (Freud, p. 19). A superior intelligence who orders everything for the best (Freud p. 19). And a place where all good is rewarded and all evil is punished, and all of the hardships and sufferings of life are obliterated (Freud, p. 19). Religions therefore made the awesome elements of nature, especially death, appear much less threatening to civilization and gave a sense of influence over nature. Secondly, Freud believed that religion was an illusion. Religious ideas are not based on experiences of rational thinking, but our illusions based on the "most urgent, strongest, and oldest wishes of mankind" (Freud, p. 30). ... Free Essays on Freud on Religion Free Essays on Freud on Religion The following paper contains an attempt to define Sigmund Freud's perception of religion. After defining his perception, I will then attempt to point out to a couple of strengths and weaknesses contained in his definition. Freud believed religion was a cultural product, the creation of civilization itself. Civilization's principal task was to defend humankind against nature (Freud, pg. 19). It accomplished this by generating religious ideas in response to nature and fate. By humanizing the elements of nature, nature no longer seemed like a blind force insensitive to humans, but any emotional being capable of feeling sympathy and showing mercy. Religion made the untouchable forces of nature become acts of will and not just something that happens without any rational reasoning. It gave the forces of nature the qualities of a father figure, powerful yet merciful, and turned them into gods (Freud, p. 17). Finally, religion gave civilization a sense of control over one of its greatest fears, death. Religious beliefs in all societies have some idea of the way ultimate reality should be, and how things ultimately should be in the universe. Religion gave individual life a higher purpose. It gave hope after de ath. Religious beliefs made death less a fearsome end and made it simply a passing by command of a superior intelligence (Freud, p. 19). A superior intelligence who orders everything for the best (Freud p. 19). And a place where all good is rewarded and all evil is punished, and all of the hardships and sufferings of life are obliterated (Freud, p. 19). Religions therefore made the awesome elements of nature, especially death, appear much less threatening to civilization and gave a sense of influence over nature. Secondly, Freud believed that religion was an illusion. Religious ideas are not based on experiences of rational thinking, but our illusions based on the "most urgent, strongest, and oldest wishes of mankind" (Freud, p. 30). ...

What is meant and understood by the term computer misuse Essay

What is meant and understood by the term computer misuse - Essay Example ences with malicious activity such as hacking and viruses, which have been difficult to police due to jurisdictional difficulties and difficulties with identity tracking of offenders (Finch, 2001). This analysis particularly focuses three different aspects of potential computer misuse; namely identity theft, online harassment (otherwise referred to as â€Å"cyberstalking) and denial of service attacks (DDOS). Numerous press reports demonstrate how top financial institutions have fallen prey to cybercrime (Lloyd, 2004). The most common example is when an identity thief uses sensitive personal information to open a credit card account in a customer’s name through phishing (Thomas & Loader, 2000). Phishing is a high tech scam and uses spam to deceive customers into disclosing credit card numbers, bank account information, passwords and other sensitive information, with banks such as Abbey National and Natwest having fallen prey to phishing attack (Thomas & Loader, 2000). In phishing cases, offenders rely on the consumer trust in the familiar brand often by using the corporate branding style and logo to manipulate the consumer into a false conception of a pre-existing commercial relationship. This not only infringes the Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002 and The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 (â€Å"the Regulations†), which prohibit unsolicited marketing communications; the use of brand name, style and logo also infringes the business’ intellectual property rights, which devalues the goodwill in the business incurring significant financial losses. In its previous form, the Act covered two types of computer related offences; firstly the unauthorised access to computer material and unauthorised modification of computer material. However, these offences were created before the Internet boom and did not foresee the full impact of online misuse such as hacking, viruses and spamming. This falls into a grey area legally which

Organizational Behavior Final Project Research Paper

Organizational Behavior Final Project - Research Paper Example Organization culture deals with the code of work, belief and skills perspective in the organization and defines how things are done in the organization (Baker 2). In general, organizational culture is created to encourage the collective role by all the employees to meet set objectives and goals (Madu1). The leadership style used dictates the type of organizational culture in an organization. For a leader to develop a proper organizational culture, they first impose their, standards, expectations, beliefs and standards to the other employees to be applied in the organization. As leadership ideas become shared, and embedded in the organizations operations, the employees develop skills signals and work ethics as required. Proper culture can develop into deep into the organization, and if it is fully integrated, can lead to business success. This culture takes two levels of existence, and the first level deals with organizational behavior and artifacts. This relates to behavior that can be physically observed in the organization including the layout of organization environment, dressing code and the general behavior of people. The second level of organizational culture involves expressing the values of the organization that are not physically observable, but are appear in the general operations of the organization. For instance, the way the organizations related to the products and customers also is reflected by the organizational culture. Organizations can set their standards to become customer oriented in the operations, and through this, products and services are be tailored to meet the specific needs of customers (Madu 3). Organizational cultures can be evaluated on whether or not they are effective at a time when the organization is facing a crisis. If the culture is incapable of handling the crisis at that time, then the leadership needs to change their culture to handle it (Haworth 1). Furthermore, organizational culture plays a very important role in organi zations, and in many cases, it provides direction to the organization. This organizational culture provides employees with what is desired from them, and how they are to present themselves, or behave in the workplace environment. It also provides employees with a sense of communication in the organization, and in most cases it with a chain of command to be followed. It also provides a sense of order in the organization, and leadership together with the staff can be able to know how their roles and how they are to achieve this in organizations. Culture in an organization allows for strategic innovation of products and services, and shows, which methods organizations can follow; either product centered or market centered approaches. Organizational culture provides management with a means of managing the workforce in the organization, and helps set the roles and tasks for each member of the staff (Tharp 3). Organizational culture is very important in managing organizational change, whi ch may arise either internally or externally. This organizational change enables the management to gain competitive advantage from

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION Research Proposal

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION - Research Proposal Example sis on sports, clothes, vocabulary dating and popular music set youths different from the other age groups, making them have what majority believe is a significant culture of their own. Within the youth culture, there exists’ many sophisticated, distinct and constantly changing youth subcultures. These subcultures’ values, styles, norms and behaviors vary broadly and differ from the known youth culture. This is a reasonable topic for it captures the varieties of fashion in the society. It would be a splendid idea to demonstrate what people of today think about the invasion of fashion in the society. I also chose this topic because many think youth culture does not exist. Through this research, I will prove that youth culture exists’. Youth culture is a recent field of study in modern history. Theories that explain the emergence of youth culture have been proposed by several theorists and philosophers. Youth culture theories suggest the effect of psychological, historical and economic factors amongst youths as the major cause of emergence of youth culture in the 20th century. Lury (2011), argues that schooling has been a big influence on the emergence of Youth culture. Age is seen as the major cause of separate youth cultures. Modern schooling has made it possible for interactions of youths who share experiences and definitions that facilitate the growth of a new youth culture (Lury, 2011). Frith (1984), notes that youth culture is amajor player in the development for an identity amongst youths in the modern times. Whenever youths do not have a clear role in their life, youth culture helps them to achieve a certain identity. Youth culture is hence a way in which youths reconcile confusion and identity issues. Fashion, is one of the most powerful youth cultures that have emerged in the 20th century. Fashion helps youths to identify with a certain class or culture and hence, fashion is a youth culture that helps in providing youths with an

Education policy Essay Example for Free

Education policy Essay Education the basic need Object of Education: Importance of Education: Background of Pakistan’s Educational System Educational System in Pakistan: Key Performance Indicators for Education Systems PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN 1. Medium of Education: 2. Disparity of System at Provincial Level: 3. Gender Discrimination: 4. Lack of Technical Education:: 5. Low allocation of funds: 6. Inefficient Teachers: 7. Poverty: 8. Corruption: 9. Social imbalance: 10. Mismanagement of System: 11. Infrastructure Problems: 12. Private school system: 13. Lack of educational policies: 14. Increase in population: 15. Lack of attention of the authorities: 16. Lack of uniform educational system: 17. Medium of Instruction: 18. Education as a business: 19. Delay in renewal of policies and syllabus 20. Political Interference: SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM: 1. English should be medium of Instruction: 2. Talented and qualified Staff 3. Fulfill the lack of teachers 4. Primary education should be made compulsory: 5. Increase in teachers incentives 6. Translation of foreign research to local language 7. Check on distinctive education:- 8. Scholarships and financial support to students: 9. Special Financial packages: 10. Betterment of education policies and teachers workshop: 11. Infused Technical Education: 12. Promotion of primary education: Conclusion Essay Education the basic need Education is the light of the life. Education proves to one of the most important factors for the development of human civilization. Education enhances human status and leads everyone to propriety. it is a continuous and lifelong process. It attributes most important, precious and permanent property of an individual. Education provides manpower, strengthens national unity and uplifts public awareness. It invites positive and constructive change in life. It makes our life really prosperous and meaningful. Everyone wants to be well educated. Life can be successful by the help of appropriate education. Educated person can only judge what is correct and what is wrong And takes the appropriate and right decision but uneducated person fails to do so. Object of Education: Robert Maynard Hutchins describes it as â€Å"The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives. † We should give our youth the way to educate themselves. Edward Everett said that â€Å"Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army. † Importance of Education: We all know the importance of education. It is the most important aspect of any nation’s survival today. Education builds the nations; it determines the future of a nation. ISLAM also tells us about Education and its importance. The real essence of Education according to ISLAM is â€Å"to know ALLAH† but I think in our country we truly lost. Neither our schools nor our madrassa’s (Islamic Education Centres) are truly educating our youth in this regard. In schools, we are just preparing them for â€Å"Money†. We aren’t educating them we are just preparing â€Å"Money Machines†. We are only increasing the burden of the books for our children and just enrolling them in a reputed, big school for what, just for social status On the other hand in our madrassas we are preparing people who finds very difficult to adjust in the modern society. Sometimes it seems that they are from another planet. A madrassa student can’t compete even in our country then the World is so far from him. He finds very difficult to even speak to a school boy. It is crystal clear that Islamic Education is necessary for Muslims but it is also a fact that without modern education no one can compete in this world. There are many examples of Muslim Scholars who not only study the Holy Quraan but also mastered the other subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Astronomy and many more, with the help of Holy Quraan. I think with the current education system we are narrowing the way for our children instead of widening it. There is no doubt that our children are very talented, both in schools and in madrassas, we just need to give them proper ways to groom, give them the space to become Quaid-E-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Allama Iqbal, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Alberoni, Abnalhasam, or Einstein, Newton, Thomas Edison. The education system we are running with is not working anymore. We have to find a way to bridge this gap between school and madrassa. Background of Pakistan’s Educational System Numerous international assessments could explore that Pakistan is lagging behind many countries in achieving the Education for All goal (EFA). We were the signatory to the treaty under Dakar Framework where it was decided by all the developing countries that they will be trying to achieve the target of EFI in the meeting held in Senegal in 2000. UNESCO rates in Pakistan are at a lower EFA development Index (EDI) because of low; enrolment at primary school, adult literacy, gender equity and equality, equalities in education and quality of education. The adult literacy in Pakistan, in spite of concerted efforts, fail to go beyond the border line of 50 percent. The women literacy is much more belittling as thirty three percent of the adult women cannot even read. The more embracing would be that we would not be catching the target to achieve the adult literacy by 2015. Progress towards the achievement of the targets is exceptionally slow, while gender parity goal is at risk of not being achieved by 2015. Moreover, more than 6 million children are out of school. Educational System in Pakistan: Education system in Pakistan is really having a bad configuration at the moment. There is no doubt in accepting the fact that education stands the backbone for the development of nations. Looking at the history of nations, we may safely reach the conclusion that the advanced nations of the world could reach the zenith of prestige and power taking support from education. The allocations for education are too meager, and in spite of allocation, the amount is not spent for what it was meant for as the corruption is found in all the tiers of education and also because of the same delivery from the government institutions that is much below the desired and aspired levels. Private education in Pakistan is far reaching for the poor and the turnover of this quality education does not serve the country the way they are supposed to. Planning for education does not go in congruence with the needs and implement remains ever ignored, so by this way the system is getting more spoiled rather than flourishing. Our universities have failed to produce the planners, developers, implementers, and decision makers. Rather the turnover is a mismatch with the ground realities, the half backed persons we are producing are of no use to us. The students we come across are degree seekers rather than the knowledge. The increase in number of colleges and universities does not mean that we are going by the standards rather these are worsening, a simple evidence of which is that no Pakistani university could find a space among the top 1000 universities of the world. The socio-economic scenario is directly attached with the status of Education in the country. The developed world managed to scale up their education in line with the needs and market requirements. Despite the recent achievements, a lot more is needed to be done as the country still faces numerous challenges which cause deterrence. We are under obligation to raise the education of our population to the level of our South Asian neighbors, to combat our own social and economic wants to the satisfactory level. The very scale of Pakistan’s education sector more than 150,000 public education institutions serving over 21 million students and a huge private sector that serves another 12 million – presents formidable challenges. Education is found to be the cheapest and tangible defense mechanism for a nation on the social, political, and economic fronts. But the down trodden condition of education in Pakistan bears an ample testimony of the fact that it is unable to defend its own sector. Over the span of 64 years, the nation has been given the 23 policies and action plans but we could not start the march towards success and are waiting for a savior who could take the system out of turmoil. There were ample spending in the government of Pervaiz Musharraf on education and due to which, we could see the visible positive educational change in Pakistani society. Currently the economic situation in Pakistan is under severe stress and education sector has received the highest impact in Pakistan. The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan has led to the fact in the following words, â€Å"The state of Pakistan shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period. † In Human development Report, Pakistan is placed at 136th position because its 49. 9% population comes under the definition of education. The dropout rate is alarmingly high at the primary level; consequently, it is revealed by the Data Center of UNESCO, that 33. 8% females and 47. 18% in males could pass through the most initial level of education. We may be conclusive about the ground reality that people in the 6th largest country of the world have no access to the basic education even. Key Performance Indicators for Education Systems The frequently used indicators for assessing education and its systems are adult literacy rates, male and female enrollment at different levels of education, participation rate in the different areas of the country; the dropout rates, the amount of resources allocated to education as a proportion of the GDP and some measures of the quality of education being pursued. At the moment, the workability of these indicators rests on the footing of authenticated and recent data so that the planning details may be worked out with confidence. Irony of fate, the indicators, their footings and the quality of data all want more authenticity, but unfortunately, Pakistans record lacks objectivity and rationality on all counts. PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN 1. Medium of Education: The system of education in Pakistan is operative in match with the local needs and ground realities. It is almost a decisive factor that the education in the mother tongue surrenders more dividends but we have the system more segregated and diversified just contrary to our requirements. A good example of it is that we fail to decide about the Medium of education over the span of 64 years. Different mediums are operational in both, public and private sector. This creates a sort of disparity among people, dividing them into two segments. 21. Disparity of System at Provincial Level:: The Regions of Pakistan in the name of provinces are not at par as regards the infrastructure, availability of staff, their training, content mastery allocation of resources and their utilization. This develops a disparity not only in the system but in the turnover too. There is a need to revisit the schools in Baluchistan (The Largest Province of Pakistan by area) because these are not that much groomed as that of Punjab (The Largest Province of Pakistan by Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29. 5% in males and 3% in females. The conditions are to be made more congenial about teaching and learning in all parts of the country without any discretion. 22. Gender Discrimination:: We should have know how of the population comprising females, unfortunately their education is not attended to the way it was deemed fit. The gender discrimination is a cause that is contributing towards the low participation rate of girls at the basic level of education. The male and female participation ratio is projected at the primary school in the shape of ratio of boys girls as 10:4 respectively. In the decade passed, government invited private sector to shoulder the responsibility of education of the youth. The intent was also to provide the education at the doorstep to the children especially the female students. The private sector took up the challenge and there was an increase in the growth of private schools but this step didn’t cause the increase in the students or the quality. The masses could not be attracted because of precious education. It created clear cut tiers of society and created a gap among those with the haves and have not’s. 23. Lack of Technical Education:: There is a craze for the white collar jobs for the same pupils. Select the general rut of education, though they have the least tilt or the capacity to cope with the demands. China, Japan and Germany have the ruts for those who have a taste for and do not achieve the excellence in the general rut of education. We have kept the opportunities open for all to participate in general education at all levels especially the university level. We could not attract the general masses towards technical education making them to earn of their own act as the entrepreneurs and make their living without being the burden on the government. Education system is needed to be revamped making a space for the science, IT, management, and pupil with the excellence to go to the higher education pursuing the education of their own choice. Lesser emphasis on technical education means the lesser manpower for industry and hence the lesser finance generation. 24. Low allocation of funds:: The allocation of funds for education is very low as it never went beyond 1. 5 to 2. 0 percent of the total GDP. Even this amount was not utilized and had to be surrendered back to the government because of want of expertise and the knowledge of codal formalities and in time release of funds. There is a need to increase it around 7% of the total GDP keeping in view the allocations by the neighboring countries, there is also a need to rationalize the share at the different levels not ignoring any. 25. Inefficient Teachers:: Government fails to attract the potential candidates for teaching with the zeal vigor and excellent carrier. Teaching is rated as the lowest among the jobs for the youth, because of lesser incentives, slow promotions and lesser fringe benefits. The teachers in government schools are not well groomed and equipped with knowledge and training. People who do not get job in any other sector, they try their luck in educational system. There is a need to reorganize pre-service and in-service trainings making them matched with the requirements rather to keep them ideal, unique and novel. 26. Poverty:: Poverty is growing over the years. The average class is vanishing like anything. It happens to be a curse for the nation that exists without having the average income group. The escalation of poverty has restricted the parents to send their children to tasks for child labor or at least to public or private schools. In these schools, the drop out is very high because schools are not the attractive places, the curriculum is dry and the teaching does not match the live situations. Poor parents are constrained to send their children to madressahs where the education is totally free. 27. Corruption:: Corruption causes the educational policies, plans and projects to fail because of being the major contributing factor. There is no accountability and transparency in the system, the salaries are low, the incentives are too less to be accounted and even those are uneven. An estimated Rs. 2,594 million out of a total of Rs. 7,016 million provided for improvement of school facilities such as buildings, electricity, drinkable water, etc had gone unaccounted during the fiscal periods 2001-06 (UNESCO Bano, 2007). Similarly, more than 70% literacy centers in Punjab remained inoperative or exist only on paper (ADBP, 2007). The chances of ghost schools should be evaded by involving the community in the processes of inspection and monitoring. 28. Social imbalance:: The students from the elite class follow the O and A levels curriculum instead of Pakistans routine orthodox and stagnant curriculum. They have little or no awareness of their religion and culture whereas those passing out from Urdu medium schools are usually destined to work in clerical and lower level positions. Religious madrassas churn out yet another class that is usually unaware of the world outside their own perception. 29. Mismanagement of System:: Teachers’ absenteeism, poor professional training, sub-standard materials and obsolete teaching methods act as the major contributive factors towards the low enrolment in schools. Burki (2005), opines that most of the public schools are either mismanaged or poorly managed. They are found imparting education of second-rate quality through substandard textbooks and curricula that do not cater the needs of the 21st century. The education should be based on learning outcomes through suggesting multiple books rather than following a single book as an obligation. 30. Infrastructure Problems:: The dropout rate of those lucky enough to be enrolled goes beyond 45% as has been divulged by the several reports. Most of the public sector educational institutions stay in a status of poor condition lacking even basic facilities, resultantly shaking the presupposed standards of education. There are four areas that snivel for pressing concentration which are curriculum, textbooks, examinations, and teacher training (Hoodbhoy, 2001). The textbooks need be made more facilitating, student and learning friendly. 31. Private school system:: Private Schools in Pakistan enroll more students than in other countries of the region. They least bother about the capacity and facilities available, they rather over burden the teaching staff. The rapid mushroom growth of private schools and academies of teaching reflect the peoples lack of trust in the public sector schools coupled with a deficiency of sufficient educational institutions to cater to the needs of the fast growing population. However, there are certain private schools which are slightly better than the public ones. In the elite schools where the quality education is offered, heavy fees is charged that continues to be a problem. These private sectors schools are meant only for a special sector of the population and are out of the reach of general masses. The private sector schools should be brought under the control of rules making these somewhat accessible for the common population. 32. Lack of educational policies:: The National Education Policy (1998-2010) was developed prior to Dakar. It has a clear cut vision and direction to support the education department. Since the 2001, the Ministry of Education has developed a number of policy documents including that of National Education policy (2009) but the endeavors remain focused on paper work more rather than the operationalization, though the involvement of NGOs and international development agencies is very much there. The simple reason is that the plans are vicious and not the ground reality based. The policies should be environment friendly. . 33. Increase in population:: Literacy in Pakistan has risen from 45 to 54 percent within the span of 2002 to 2006, simultaneously primary enrollment rates have also increased from 42 to 52 percent. The population explosion could not enable to catch the targets. In spite of the increase in the certain parameters, the participation rate in Pakistan remains the lowest in South Asia. Alongside it, there are marked male-female, inter-regional and rural-urban disparities: Only 22 percent of girls, compared to 47 percent boys, complete primary schooling. Female literacy in rural Baluchistan is only 32 percent compared to high urban male literacy rates (and 80 percent among the urban male in Sindh) 34. Lack of attention of the authorities:: Most of the criticisms leveled against the education procedures and practices may be rationalized through improving governance and accountability. It would be tangible and workable if we could go for considering the merit, enabling capacity building, increasing investments in education as an industry and finally giving the heir and fire powers to the administrative heads. The private sector and the banks should finance the educational milieu with confidence, as at the moment, we are spending 2. 3 percent of GDP which is the lowest in South Asia. 35. Lack of uniform educational system:: There is a crying need for quality which calls for homogeneity among the procedural formalities like the observance of the curriculum. Had it been uniform the working for it, further extension becomes easier and getting the intellect skimmed out of masses becomes possible. Currently, the poor are deprived of education in the elite institutions which are causing the development of a special class. This class doesn’t work for the nation; they work elsewhere but are fed through the national resources. 36. Medium of Instruction:: We took a long period in deciding that what our medium of instruction would be, till now we don’t have a clear picture before us. It is good to have the National language as the medium of communication provided; we have a rich treasure of knowledge. In our case, we do not fail to develop Urdu to cope with the intellectual needs nor do we translate the treasure of knowledge available for our national use. 37. Education as a business:: Education has been pursued by some of the people as an industry but because of being illiterates, they fail to cope up with the stipulated standards. The leader with vision spoils the mission as well as the projects undertaken. Their only intent is money making that has caused the decay in the standards, induction of sub-standard staff, and depriving the deserving to grow. They don’t want to catch with the move of success but they try to be good entrepreneurs. 38. Delay in renewal of policies and syllabus/Political Interference:: There is a need to continuously update the curriculum because if it goes stale, it does not equip the beneficiaries with the saleable skills and expertise. At the first place, the problems cited have arisen due to lack of commitment and inefficient management on the part of state. The policies lack long term vision and its implementation strategies are being affected by undue political interference. In addition to it, the measures taken are not evidence based and geared by the vested interests of the authorities. Whatever strategies have been applied failed to promote the rational and critical thinking skills amongst the students. At the second place, we find lack of resource commitment and realistic implementation alongside poor allocated resource utilization. As relevant statistics are not available, implementation of the education policy has not been successfully executed. At the third place, we come across weak budgetary planning because of staggered data and least coordination among the data maintaining units (USAID, 2006). The coordination, match with the assessment, project design and implementation are not to the desired level within the government and with the donor agencies. The harmonization is missing too between the federal and provincial governments which cause drastic problems in the policy implementation. The policy formulating, planning and implementing bodies work in isolation as the water tight compartments. The governments consultation is very much restricted and does not go beyond its specific quarters. It should have to be extended to non-state sectors to initiate and mobilize the action. Teachers does not normally form the part of policy making process, hence the process of sharing and consultation remains missing. It leads to implementation of educational policies without consultation, thus the efforts go in vain (UNESCO, 2007). Over the span of time, what we have learnt is to go for dialogue, and keeping the private and public sector on board. The matter of access to education and challenges to quality remain at stake as being unresolved despite much policy deliberation. Recently, Minister of Education announced a new Education policy for that next 10 years ignoring the fact that the previous educational policy span still persists that was from 1998 to 2010. The policy has projected new plans and promises to the nation pointing to the fact that all the public schools will be raised to the level of private schools within the shortest period of time. In the absence of a plan of action, the suggested plan of action would not work. The schools have been put under obligation to use the national curriculum and encourage the students of 5th and 8th class to take board exams. This has disturbed the students of private sector also. It is urged that the Universities should be the research centre’s and must not be allowed to act as the examining bodies for graduate or post-graduate examinations. Allocations are supposed to be made to the aspired levels as UNO suggests a country to allocate at least four percent of its GDP towards education but here in Pakistan we are just allocating less than two percents of GDP. Even that is not fully utilized because of procedural formalities. Suggested Solutions for Educational System: 13. English should be medium of Instruction: English language should be the medium of instruction from beginning to the higher levels of learning. National language should be a supporting language for communication facilitation and every day business. Efforts should be made to enhance the knowledge treasure in the national language through translation of the research based information. 14. Talented and qualified Staff Hiring should be made from amongst the highly qualified and the teachers should be paid not according to the level of education but the qualification of the staff. 15. Fulfill the lack of teachers: Efforts should be made to bring down the student-teacher ratio to 15:1 in lieu of current 40:1. Consequently, the number of teachers will have to be enhanced, leading to the rise in number of teachers and enabling the competent persons to be inducted to the system of education. 16. Primary education should be made compulsory: Primary education should be made compulsory and free (it is already free of cost but not compulsory). It should also be made appealing, impressive, interesting and utilitarian to attract the general masses. 17. Increase in teachers incentives Teachers should be offered more financial benefits by increasing their pays. 18. Translation of foreign research to local language University professors should be encouraged to conduct and share the research to the concerned stakeholders. They should also be asked to translate the foreign research into local languages for sharing it with the lower formations of education enabling them to implement/take benefit out of it. 19. Check on distinctive education:- Government should strictly check all private educational institutions for keeping a balance of standards and level of practices. 20. Scholarships and financial support to students: Students should be offered more scholarships and government should support the intelligent and outstanding students to prosper, develop and serve their local community rather than migrating to the big cities. 21. Special Financial packages: The dilemma here in Pakistan is that students are genius but they use their intelligence in negative way, hence, contributing nothing towards the development of country. Another problem with Pakistan is brain drain. Capable and outstanding professionals prefer foreign jobs instead of serving in their own country. This is due to the low financial benefits and indifferent attitude of government towards them. Recently Government should provide them facilities and special financial packages to encourage them to stay in their own country. 22. Betterment of education policies and teachers workshop: In the view of importance of education, the Government should take solid steps towards implementation instead of projecting policies. In this regard, the allocations should be made easy and timely from provinces to districts and then to educational institutes. Workshops must be arranged for teachers as a continuous feature for learning. 23. Infused Technical Education: Technical education should be infused into the regular system stream. The education board of Punjab has projected a plan to give tech- education to the children of industrial workers. 24. Promotion of primary education: Promotion of the primary education should be made possible by consulting teachers, professors and educationists while devising any plan, syllabus or policy for it. There should be a balance in reliance on public and private for enabling education to reach the general masses in its true shape. Students’ outlook is to be broadened by taking them out of the books into the practical realities. Education is the only cure of disability of the state and for bringing revolution through evolution and by eradicating the social evils through education. Conclusion Education serves as the backbone for the development of nations. The countries with the effective impressive need oriented, saleable and effective system of education comes out to be the leaders of the world, both socially and economically. It is only education which can turn a burden of population into productive human resource. Pakistans current state demands that the allocations for education be doubled to meet the challenges of EFI, gender disparity and provision of teachers in the work places earlier than 2018 as per stipulated qualifications. Millennium Development Goals are yet to be realized latest by 2015. The natural calamities, political turbulence, provincialisms, and political motivations make the best planned, fail. The allocations towards the sector of education could not be enhanced because of the earlier. We have to revisit our priorities to keep the country on the track of progress.